Suchergebnisse

ÖZETBirlik, Avrupa kıtası için ekonomik bütünleşmeye dayanan bir barış projesidir. Ancak siyasal bütünleşme olmaksızın, Birlik amaçlarına ulaşılması mümkün değildir. Siyasal bütünleşme devletlerin birleşmesi kadar halkların da birleşmesini gerektirir. Halkların birleşmesi demokratik ve politik meşruiyetin sağlanması ile mümkündür. Birliğin politik meşruiyetini sağlaması için Birlik vatandaşlarının aidiyet duygusunun arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda Birliğin insan hakları politikalarını geliştirmesi, anayasal milliyetçilik kavramı ile bağlantılı olarak Birlik vatandaşlarının aidiyet duygusunu arttıracaktır.Birlik makamları ilk dönemlerde insan hakları odaklı bir politika yürütmemiştir. Birlik yargı organı olan Avrupa Adalet Divanı da insan hakları yargılamasını, ilk dönem içtihatlarında sadece ekonomik bütünleşme odaklı, gerçekleştirmiştir. Ancak bu durum, zaman içerisinde Birlik hukukunun üstünlüğü gibi temel ilkelerin meşruiyeti sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. Üye ülke anayasa mahkemelerinin insan hakları odaklı reaksiyonları, Birliğin insan hakları politikalarının öneminin farkına varmasını sağlamıştır. Birliğin demokratik organı olan Avrupa Parlamentosu siyasal girişimlerle, Avrupa Adalet Divanı da içtihatlarıyla Birlik içerisinde insan hakları politikalarını gündeme taşımıştır. Zamanla Birlik hukukunda korunan hakların daha açık, şeffaf ve öngörülebilir olması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Birlik hukukunda, bir temel haklar katalogu ihtiyacı sonunda "Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı" kodifiye edilmiştir. Şart'ın hukuki statüsü Lizbon antlaşması ile birlikte Kurucu Antlaşmalarla aynı düzeye taşınmıştır. Şart ile Birlik tasarruflarında esas alınması gereken bir insan hakları belgesi meydana getirilmiştir.Tez, Şart'ı AB insan hakları hukukundaki tarihsel ve anayasal boyutları ile ele almaktadır. Şart'ın, Birlik insan hakları politikası evriminin genel seyrindeki konumu üzerine eğilmiştir. Ayrıca Şart'ın Birlik içerisindeki ve Birlik ile üye devletler arasındaki anayasal ilişkilere etkisini analiz edilmiştir. Şart ile Birlik insan hakları hukuku adına işlevsel ve etkin bir gelişmenin gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediği irdelenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Avrupa Birliği, İnsan Hakları, Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı.ABSTRACTEU CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSThe Union is a peace project based on the economic integration of the Europe. This Union could achieve its goals only through the maintenance of political integration. Political integration requires the integration of states and integration of peoples as well. Integration of peoples is only possible through the achievement of democratic and political legitimacy. Union citizens should be provided with the proper conditions to feel the sense of belonging to the Union in order to achieve political legitimacy. Therefore, the development of human rights by the Union would help increase the sense of belonging for the Union citizens in relation to the constitutional nationalism.The institutions of the Union did not pursue a human rights-focused policy in its early period. The European Court of Justice made judgments related to the human rights only within the framework of the economic purposes in the early period of its establishment. The legitimacy of the fundamental rights such as the supremacy of the Union law was begun to be questioned in the course of time. Human rights-related reactions of the constitutional courts of the member states helped the Union to realize the importance of the human rights policies. The European Parliament, as the democratic body of the Union, brought the human rights policies to the agenda through its political initiatives, and the European Court of Justice did the same through its judgments.The need for more clear, transparent and foreseeable rights protected under the Union law emerged in the course of time. Therefore, a fundamental rights catalogue was codified in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.The legal status of the Charter was made equal with the status of the Treaties under the Lisbon Treaty. Thus, a human rights document to be taken as a basis for the measures of the Union was drawn up.This thesis discusses the Charter considering its place in the historical and constitutional developments in the EU human rights law. It focuses on the position of the Charter in the general progress of the human rights policy. In addition, the Charter's influence on the relations within the Union and between the Union and member states was analyzed. It was examined whether the Charter resulted in a functional and effective development in favor of the human rights law or not.Key words: European Union, Human Rights, the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

The chapter contributes to a wider legal-philosophical analysis on the normative content of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, with a special focus on migrants' rights. It provides some introductory remarks on the Charter, through a brief reconstruction of its genesis, its reference sources and innovative features, and (the limits of) its field of application and personal scope.

Summary
The article deals with the Slovak Constitutional Court's approach to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as a potential source of constitutional review. It analyses selected SCC decisions in order to evaluate and generalise the SCC attitude. The main focus is on defining the constitutional status of the EU Charter within the Slovak constitutional order. The up-to-date practice of the Constitutional Court is associated with an inevitable confusion when formally the Charter belongs among the sources of constitutional review, but by applying the doctrine of self-restriction, the SCC uses it only in a subsidiary way or in the form of a soft interpretation instrument to support its reasoning.

This thesis is about the method by which a novel and unusual form of law ought to be interpreted. That law is the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), which was drafted in 2000 and first given legal effect in 2009. The CFR sets out a comprehensive range of fundamental rights, ranging from traditional civil and political rights such as the right to freedom of expression (art 11) to novel forms of social and economic rights such as the right to collective bargaining (art 28). ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

"Ten years after the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union became part of binding primary law, and twenty years since its adoption, this volume assess the application of the EU Charter in the Member States. How often, and in particular by which actors, is the EU Charter invoked at the national level? In what type of situations is it used? Has the approach of national courts in general, and of constitutional courts in particular, to EU law to EU fundamental rights law changed following the entry into force of the Charter? What sort of interplay does the Charter generate with the national bill of rights and the European Convention? Is the life with the Charter on the national level a harmonious 'praktische Konkordanz' or rather a messy 'ménage à trois'? These and other questions are discussed in the four parts that form the book. Part I is dedicated to the normative foundations. Part II sets out Member States' Perspectives, providing a structured, in-depth account of the Charter's operation in 16 different Member States. Part III provides a detailed evaluation of selected rights contained within the Charter. Part IV synthesises the materials presented up to that point to develop a series of broader perspectives, looking to discover underlying lessons about the relationship between EU fundamental rights law and national legal systems"--

Die Grundrechte-Charta umfasst die wichtigsten politischen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Rechte aller EU-Bürger. Die 2. Auflage des Kommentars von Peers/Hervey/Kenner/Ward bietet Auslegungssicherheit für jeden Artikel der Charta. Die jüngste Rechtsprechung ist umfassend integriert.

This article explores the impact of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights on the position of women in the EU. The context of the paper is current debates about women's rights and constitutionalism in Europe. The discussion outlines the development of EU women's rights, the introduction and development of Union citizenship within the Treaties and the launch of the Charter at the Nice Summit. The paper thus explores the position of equality and women's rights in the Charter, with particular emphasis on the Commission and Treaties' commitments to mainstreaming. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the power of mainstreaming as a theory and political strategy for the pursuit of substantive equality within the EU.

This article analyses the distinction between rights and principles in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. On the basis of an analytical definition of Charter rights, it shows that Charter principles differ from Charter rights in nature: they are non-relational and not intersubjective; they contain mere duties without corresponding claim-rights. This has consequences for their justiciability, which the Charter itself limits. The article dismisses any suggestion that the characterization of a Charter provision as belonging to the realm of economic, social and cultural rights determines its nature as a principle. Instead, a more nuanced approach is advocated. It further argues that Charter principles are binding regardless of their implementation and that the latter only matters for their justiciability.